Severe Scoliosis

Figure 5.91. The early amnion rupture spectrum caused a limb/body wall deficiency with spine and central nervous system defects in this infant. Note the hydrocephalus.

Figure 5.92. The limb/body wall deficiency in this infant caused a severe thoracoabdominal wall defect. Note the severe scoliosis and kyphosis and the short umbilical cord with the placenta attached to the abdominal viscera.

Figure 5.93. A close-up showing the right lung and the eviscerated abdominal organs with the placenta attached.

Figure 5.94. Another view showing the short umbilical cord.

Figure 5.95. In this infant with disruption, there is severe scolio-sis and the placenta was attached to the right leg. The striking difference between this infant and the other examples of disruption is that this infant also had congenital malformations.

Figure 5.96. In the same infant, note that the disruption involved the lower extremities and the right hand but the infant also had an imperforate anus, lumbar spine defect and dextrocardia, plus a patent ductus arteriosus. Congenital anomalies include malformations, disruptions, and deformations. This figure should alert one to the fact that any combination of these can occur.

Figure 5.96. In the same infant, note that the disruption involved the lower extremities and the right hand but the infant also had an imperforate anus, lumbar spine defect and dextrocardia, plus a patent ductus arteriosus. Congenital anomalies include malformations, disruptions, and deformations. This figure should alert one to the fact that any combination of these can occur.

5.95

5.96

Figure 5.97. A radiograph of the same infant as in Figures 5.95 and 5.96 shows the dextrocardia, abnormalities of the ribs, and abnormal segmentation of the thoracolumbar vertebrae. In this infant the kyphosis and scoliosis was caused by both the malformation of the spine and the disruption.

5.98

Figure 5.98. The typical reduction sequence of limb reduction anomalies and scalp and skin defects are noted in this infant with Adams-Oliver syndrome.

Figure 5.101. The early amniotic rupture spectrum in an infant with a cervical meningomyelocele and an omphalocele. Note the amniotic band extending across the right shoulder. There was an amniotic band 1 cm proximal to the left ankle.

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Figure 5.102. A close-up of the cervical me-ningomyelocele in the same infant. Note the am niotic band extending across the right shoulder.

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Figure 5.103. A close-up of the amniotic tissue band over the right shoulder in the same infant as shown in Figures 5.101 and 5.102.

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